2 Samuel 13:20

Authorized King James Version

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And Absalom her brother said unto her, Hath Amnon thy brother been with thee? but hold now thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; regard not this thing. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom's house.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 25
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלֶ֜יהָ H413
אֵלֶ֜יהָ
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 25
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם Absalom's H53
אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם Absalom's
Strong's: H53
Word #: 3 of 25
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
אָחִֽיהָ׃ he is thy brother H251
אָחִֽיהָ׃ he is thy brother
Strong's: H251
Word #: 4 of 25
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
הַֽאֲמִינ֣וֹן unto her Hath Amnon H550
הַֽאֲמִינ֣וֹן unto her Hath Amnon
Strong's: H550
Word #: 5 of 25
amnon (or aminon), a son of david
אָחִֽיהָ׃ he is thy brother H251
אָחִֽיהָ׃ he is thy brother
Strong's: H251
Word #: 6 of 25
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
הָיָ֣ה H1961
הָיָ֣ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 7 of 25
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
עִמָּךְ֒ H5973
עִמָּךְ֒
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 8 of 25
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
וְעַתָּ֞ה H6258
וְעַתָּ֞ה
Strong's: H6258
Word #: 9 of 25
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
אֲחוֹתִ֤י my sister H269
אֲחוֹתִ֤י my sister
Strong's: H269
Word #: 10 of 25
a sister (used very widely [like h0251], literally and figuratively)
הַֽחֲרִ֙ישִׁי֙ been with thee but hold now thy peace H2790
הַֽחֲרִ֙ישִׁי֙ been with thee but hold now thy peace
Strong's: H2790
Word #: 11 of 25
to scratch, i.e., (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad
אָחִֽיהָ׃ he is thy brother H251
אָחִֽיהָ׃ he is thy brother
Strong's: H251
Word #: 12 of 25
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
ה֔וּא H1931
ה֔וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 13 of 25
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
אַל H408
אַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 14 of 25
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תָּשִׁ֥יתִי regard H7896
תָּשִׁ֥יתִי regard
Strong's: H7896
Word #: 15 of 25
to place (in a very wide application)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
לִבֵּ֖ךְ H3820
לִבֵּ֖ךְ
Strong's: H3820
Word #: 17 of 25
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
לַדָּבָ֣ר not this thing H1697
לַדָּבָ֣ר not this thing
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 18 of 25
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
הַזֶּ֑ה H2088
הַזֶּ֑ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 19 of 25
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
וַתֵּ֤שֶׁב remained H3427
וַתֵּ֤שֶׁב remained
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 20 of 25
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
תָּמָר֙ So Tamar H8559
תָּמָר֙ So Tamar
Strong's: H8559
Word #: 21 of 25
tamar, the name of three women and a place
וְשֹׁ֣מֵמָ֔ה H8076
וְשֹׁ֣מֵמָ֔ה
Strong's: H8076
Word #: 22 of 25
ruined
בֵּ֖ית house H1004
בֵּ֖ית house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 23 of 25
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם Absalom's H53
אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם Absalom's
Strong's: H53
Word #: 24 of 25
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
אָחִֽיהָ׃ he is thy brother H251
אָחִֽיהָ׃ he is thy brother
Strong's: H251
Word #: 25 of 25
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

Analysis & Commentary

And Absalom her brother said unto her, Hath Amnon thy brother been with thee? but hold now thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; regard not this thing. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom's house.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Amnon and Tamar, emphasizing unresolved sin, family breakdown. Amnon's rape of Tamar and Absalom's revenge illustrate how unresolved sin metastasizes into family-wide dysfunction. David's failure to discipline Amnon (possibly from guilt over his own sexual sin) enabled further tragedy. Hebrew terminology emphasizes Tamar's desolation and Absalom's calculated hatred. The narrative demonstrates intergenerational sin consequences and the necessity of proper justice administration.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 13 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding unresolved sin, family breakdown provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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